Man
Men are legally obliged to maintain their wife and family - in
fact, even when a wife is working, she usually keeps her
earnings for herself.
Accordingly, the man is considered to be the "head of the family", even
though his powers are, compared to other Arab countries, in Tunisia
smaller. He can, for example, not prohibit his wife from working and
the wife can divorce him.
In reality, however, the man dominates the family and can
impose restrictions to their leisure and lifestyle, especially
to
that of the female family members.
Men like, although higher education shifts increasingly
the thinking, to spend their time together with
other men in street
cafes and are, thus, the largest part of the day not at home.
It is very rare that one can see a man alone (without his wife or
another female family member) with his small children in the public -
the raising of and care for children of the family is an
exclusive
domain of the women.
Men usually get married in the mid Twenties, but other than with women,
there
are marriages in which older men marry young women, often in terms of
a "Providing marriage". Even age differences of 30 and more years are
not frequent, but absolutely normal and socially accepted.
Conversely, marriages of older women with young men with more than just
1-2 years age difference are socially not accepted, not desireable and
thus extremely rare.
"Cheating" of men in marriage is not only desirable, but even
widely
socially accepted, even by the wives, as long as this does not
happen
in a public way. This does not mean it happens all the time,
but it is nowhere near an exception.
Woman
Women are exclusively responsible for the interior of a family and
clean the
house, cook meals and raise the children. Although higher education
changes the way of thinking, and in poorer families, the women must
work to make ends meet, it is widely desireably, even for the women, to
not work and spend their life as an homemaker - housewife and
mother.
The virginity of a woman is a very high value and must be maintained
until to the marriage. In some regions of Tunisia, the
virginity
will still be checked publicly after the wedding
night ("bloody
sheets").
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Even though,
in
reality, many women have, before their marriage, already sexual
experiences with men, this is not socially accepted.
A medical "restoration of virginity" before the marriage is
common
in Tunisia.
Illegitimate children are extremely rare, in case of
pregnancies of unmarried women, usually abortions take place, even
multiple times.
Women generally marry between 18-25 years of age, when they have an
high education
sometimes even up to about 30. Thereafter, however, the
chances of marriage are significantly reduced, primarily
because it
is desirable that a woman has many children at an early age. Women
over 30 are often left only with the options to stay single or marry
a much older men (Provider marriage: she cares for the house
and
the needs of the man and receives the social status of a married woman
and is being provided for).
The consent of the father in the marriage of his adult daughter is,
unlike in some other Arab countries, not required in Tunisia.
"Cheating" of women in a marriage happens, in reality, not
much less than that of
men, but it is not socially accepted at all and takes therefore place
only secretly.
Child
Children are not, as it happens in many western
countries, extremely pampered, but are treated as a "normal"
family, according to their age.
Although higher education changes the ways of thinking, for the time
being, children are rather maintained than actively developed
in
their family.
There is not much that parents and their children do together (apart
from the daily life), they are usually not encouraged artistically or
intellectually and live widely through the day as it
is structured by their natural needs (they eg. sit at
night together with their parents until they fall asleep and are then
brought
into bed). The television is, in Tunisia, running continously
and
everywhere and often assumes the role of a babysitter.
Every Tunisian adult attends to children, takes them on the
arm for a
moment and speaks with them.
However, tourists usually get by this the false impression that
Tunisian love children very dearly - which is not the case.
Children of all ages roam almost all houses in Tunisia at any given
time and are therefore considered a "natural part of the
environment", but they are not exactly treated with the level of
protection, support and
attention, as it happens in most western countries.
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European
children often react defensive when they experience the attention of
many unknown people and many parents have an uneasy feeling
when
their child is constantly touched - but this is, in Tunisia, a
completely
normal behaviour.
Children in Tunisia, can be beaten, in contrast to some
countries in
Europe, however, it is only permitted by law for educational reasons
and by persons who have the right of care.
In schools, beating of children is forbidden and can be punished, but
takes place in quite a few schools on a regular scale anyway - and some
parents even expect it.
Children are usually enrolled into school at the age of 5 and then go
through a
mandatory 9-10-year schooling.
While boys experience a great deal of freedom, girls are being
trained from early age on to their future role as a wife and
take
over gradually work in the house from the mother.
The leisure time of girls is usually strictly regulated and monitored
by the family, and violations will be punished. One of
the consequences of this upbringing is that girls rank in the social
development in the family (chores, organizing family celebrations,
parenting, etc.) way ahead of the girls in many western
countries
- but are very naive and
inexperienced when it comes to relationships and general society
matters (business etc.), the virtual difference
can often
mount up to 4-5 years (eg. a 20year old Tunisian girl is like a 15year
old western girl).
The strict taboo on
sexual topics (even in school and family) and
behaviours and the
prevention of girls from "significant" business matters contributes
significantly to
this outcome.
Boys are subject to few restrictions on leisure time and are generally
treated respectful and served in the
family by their mother and sisters.
The collection of experiences with the opposite sex before marriage is,
for boys, not only desirable, but also socially accepted.
Children become "adults" in Tunisia when they are 20 years old
-
however, in reality, they (specifically women) remain under the
authority of the parents (namely their father) until they marry. And,
for quite a few, it does not even change then.
The father of a tunisian child has always the right of determination of
the residence for the child in Tunisia, which can become a problem for binational children.
The custody of children after a divorce is in Tunisia usally awarded to
the mother, as long as she lives in Tunisia. |